In Part I of the analysis "How Does the Global South Perceive Poland?", we focused on Russian disinformation in the MENAT region (Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey). More information regarding the tools and techniques used by Russia for disinformation purposes, along with examples, can be found there1. This part of the analysis focuses on examining the content related to Poland that has appeared over the past two years (2023– 2024) on the Russian portal in Turkish, Sputnik Türkiy; in Persian, Sputnik Irān; and Arabic, ‘Arabī. This will allow an understanding of how Poland is portrayed by Russian media in Iran, Turkey, and Arab countries. By analysing the data on these portals, it is possible to identify identical narratives and those tailored to specific audiences. Examining official Russian media broadcasting in regional languages will, in the future, facilitate research into the influence of these narratives on national media as well as social media, serving as a prelude to further studies on Russian disinformation in the Middle East in the context of its impact on Poland's image. Accurately pinpointing harmful narratives and the tools and techniques used to promote them will enable the creation of more effective counter-narratives.
