This report examines the disinformation activities conducted by Russia in Lebanon, focusing on Lebanese media and the online space. Additionally, it aims to identify the reasons for Lebanon being targeted by such activities, the political objectives pursued by Russia through disinformation in the region, and the factors contributing to the Lebanese community's susceptibility to Russian propaganda and fake news. The report highlights the adaptation of the content and forms of disinformation to the region's political, social, and cultural realities. The international topics addressed in the disinformation campaigns are presented in a way that exploits regional animosities and resentments (primarily anti-Israeli sentiments). Many Russian propaganda efforts also draw on gender stereotypes and the inequalities between men and women in the Middle East. This report is based on an analysis of Lebanon's media and internet infosphere. It focuses on television news channels and social media spaces, encompassing official and quasi-official media channels and publicly visible private accounts. The report also incorporates available analyses on the topic and expert consultations.
The report concludes with findings and recommendations on areas requiring particular attention and monitoring from the perspectives of Poland and Europe, as well as actions that could be undertaken to counter disinformation efforts by Russia in Lebanon.
